Mahammad Aghaoglu was born in 1896 in İrevan. In 1916, he graduated from Moscow State University, and in 1926, he graduated from the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the University of Vienna. He knew Azerbaijani, Arabic, Persian, Russian, English, German, French, and Greek.

After graduating from Moscow State University, Mohammad Aghaoglu traveled to Turkey, Iran, Syria and Central Asia to study Eastern culture and Islamic art. In 1918–1920, he actively participated in the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. He created the “Istiqbal” museum in Baku, participated in the organization of archeology and ethnography societies. After the fall of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, he moved to Turkey, then to Austria, and in 1929 to the United States, where he lived until the end of his life. In the same year, he created the department of Islamic culture at the University of Detroit, and then the gallery of Islamic art.

In 1933–1938, M. Aghaoglu was a professor of the department of culture of Eastern peoples at this university, in 1934 he founded the magazine “Art Islamica” (“Islamic art”) and was its editor until the end of his life. M. Aghaoglu was the author of more than 50 scientific works, as well as monographs “History of Islamic Art” (Istanbul, 1928), “Book Printing in Iran in the XVth Century” (Michigan, 1935), “Manufacture and Carpets of the Safavid Period” (New York, 1941).

Muhammad Aghaoglu died in 1949 in Columbia, USA, and was buried there.